This article addresses problems arising from transformations in land access from the late Colonial Period and through the first century of the Republican Period; both those that were implemented through formal and institutional means, as well as those that occurred in practice. It analyzes the claims of tenant farmers (arrenderos) on large estates who, between the last third of the 19th century and the first third of the 20th century, claimed rights of possession to their ancestral estates. The analysis presented here takes a long-term perspective, in recognition of the need to shift focus from a modern concept of “property” towards an older viewpoint that emphasizes access to and use of natural resources. The empirical foundation for this analysis comprises information on populations descendent from Colonial Era reductions and Indian villages in the north of Tucumán, an area which later became the Argentine province of Jujuy following the Wars of Independence.

The main objective of this work is to analyze the development of the dairy industry in the Cuautitlán Valley through the resistance from landowners and ranchers to the allocation of their properties, dedicated to this activity, in the face of the land allocation processes for neighboring towns between 1917 and 1937. By analyzing the land allocation request submitted in 1917 by the residents of San Mateo Ixtacalco, we seek to explain the development of the dairy industry on some haciendas and ranches in the Cuautitlán Valley. At the same time, we aim to reconstruct the debate surrounding the inalienability of small properties and those dedicated to dairy production. This approach will allow us to understand the origins of the dairy industry in the region and explain why landowners and ranchers managed, for almost two decades, to prevent their properties from being designated as ejidos.

Este artículo examina cómo las condiciones geográficas influyeron en la distribución territorial de la producción agraria en Uruguay a lo largo del tiempo. Abarcando 17 referencias temporales (1870–2008), contrastamos el impacto de los factores geográficos de primera naturaleza (dotación de tierras, clima, ubicación) con los de segunda naturaleza (economías de aglomeración, infraestructura y transporte). Utilizando datos de panel y una descomposición de R², los resultados muestran que los factores de segunda naturaleza ganaron relevancia en el siglo XX, a medida que el cambio tecnológico impulsó una agricultura más intensiva. Los grandes mercados, incluyendo Montevideo y las regiones fronterizas (Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos y Río Grande do Sul), se convirtieron en impulsores clave de la concentración agraria, emergiendo, con el paso del tiempo, el potencial de mercado como el factor predominante.

El Caribe colombiano tiene una de las estructuras agrarias más desiguales de América Latina, derivada de los latifundios ganaderos y diferentes booms agrícolas de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. La Ley de Reforma Agraria de 1961 permitió desafiar este régimen de acumulación de tierras. Este artículo explora el papel de las mujeres y las infancias en el sostenimiento del trabajo productivo y reproductivo dentro de los latifundios del Caribe y durante la movilización campesina de la década de 1960. El artículo sostiene que, en la movilización campesina por la reforma agraria, las mujeres e infancias transformaron el trabajo reproductivo que solían realizar en los latifundios en esfuerzos colectivos que sostuvieron la movilización campesina, protegiendo a las comunidades campesinas del Caribe de la precariedad y defendido los bienes comunes como la posibilidad de sostener la vida y el cuidado por fuera de la lógica de la expansión latifundista.

The article provides an overview of the main large landowners in Uruguay from 1950 to 2020, analyzing their characteristics based on nationality and level of diversification. It also examines the key transformations that occurred during this period, and assesses the relative size of these landowners compared to other sectors of the Uruguayan economy. To construct the data on the landowning elite, the study relied on previously published works for earlier periods. For 2020, a ranking of landowners was developed using a triangulation of various primary sources. The article highlights that the most significant changes in the structure of landowning leadership occurred in the 21st century, driven by the influx of foreign capital and the adoption of new agricultural business models. Additionally, it reveals that the largest landowners have not been more substantial in size compared to leading capitals in other sectors of the economy.

En este artículo investigo la trayectoria e intensidad de la concentración de la tierra en Chile en un contexto marcado por los efectos del cambio climático en las zonas rurales. En este sentido, ofrezco una perspectiva analítica que considera este fenómeno como una expresión geográfica del sistema de tenencia de la tierra, caracterizado por su vocación individual, absoluta y excluyente de la propiedad privada. En segundo lugar, para cuantificar su trayectoria, organizo sistemáticamente los datos recogidos en los Censos Agrarios realizados entre 1965 y 2021, revelando una presencia significativa del fenómeno tanto en las tierras de regadío como en las de secano situadas en las regiones con mayor potencial agrícola. A partir de lo anterior, argumento que las Directrices Voluntarias sobre la Gobernanza Responsable de la Tenencia (VGGT) tienen la capacidad de articular un diálogo para reconsiderar el contenido y los límites de la geografía legal de la propiedad rural en Chile, con el fin de fortalecer un sistema de tenencia capaz de ofrecer una alternativa coordinada y colaborativa a los efectos del cambio climático en las zonas rurales.

The impact of the Cold War on Latin America, intensified in 1959 by the triumph of the Cuban Revolution and its diplomatic rupture with the United States in January 1961, directly affected Cuban exports, especially sugar, its main product. For a brief period (1961-1963), Chile benefited from preferential access to Cuban sugar, concurrent with a progressive political distancing that culminated in the rupture of diplomatic relations in August 1964. Unlike the political, social, and cultural effects of the Cuban Revolution in Chile, widely studied for the period of the Salvador Allende government, bilateral trade relations in the early years of the revolutionary process have received scarce historiographical attention. Based on Cuban and Chilean archival sources, this article analyzes the role of Senator Salvador Allende in the activation of a commercial credit in 1961. It is suggested that this link constituted an alternative diplomatic strategy, anticipating key elements of Chile’s future foreign policy and which, in this case, allowed for the achievement of unprecedented levels of bilateral exchange.

From the beginning of the twentieth century, the expansion of the extractivist frontier has intensified socio-environmental conflictivity in Latin America, especially on indigenous territories. Renewed interest on minerals of strategic importance for the energetic transition, such as lithium, copper, and rare earths, has triggered a “green extrativism” phase, wich combines historic forms of expoliation with new sustainability discourses. In this context, state elites from countries that are dependent on the extractivist rent, have strenghtened mechanisms of social control and criminilization strategies, to secure stability that allow to attract investment. This article examines the Tercer Malón de la Paz (TMP), an indigenous movement that emerged in Argentina’s Jujuy province. Adopting a multi-scale approach, which articlates pronince, national, and regional levels, we discuss how punitive practices, discourses, and dispositives are interrelated and reconfigured. We argue that, since 2015, Argentinian political elites have aligned themselves with a regional logic by which indigenous communities are constructed as threats, which legitimizes repressive policies and the militarization of the social order. The case of the TMP makes evident the strenghtening of a regime of extractivist governability within the “green extractivism”, which deepens the lithium-bases model in the context of the current energetic transition.